【英语词汇解析大全】hold:一词多义·用法详解·场景实例
一、核心词义与基本用法
英语单词 hold 是一个极其常用的多义词,既可作为动词也可作为名词使用,其含义涵盖“持有”、“容纳”、“举办”、“保持”等多个维度。下面通过表格对比其核心含义:
| 词性 |
含义 |
示例 |
| 动词 |
手持、握住 |
She holds a pen in her hand. |
| 动词 |
容纳、包含 |
This room can hold 50 people. |
| 动词 |
举办、召开 |
We will hold a meeting next week. |
| 名词 |
抓握、控制 |
He has a firm hold on the situation. |
二、常见动词用法详解
作为动词,hold 的用法极为灵活,常与介词、副词搭配形成短语动词,以下通过实例说明:
1. 物理性动作:手持、握住
- She held the baby gently in her arms.(她轻轻地抱着婴儿。)
- Can you hold this bag for a moment?(你能暂时拿一下这个包吗?)
2. 抽象含义:保持、维持
- Please hold the line, I'll transfer your call.(请保持通话,我为您转接。)
- He holds a strong opinion on this issue.(他对这个问题持有强烈观点。)
3. 举办活动
- The university will hold a graduation ceremony in June.(大学将于六月举行毕业典礼。)
- They are holding a charity event next month.(他们下个月将举办一场慈善活动。)
提示:当 hold 表示“举办”时,常与 meeting, conference, event, party 等词搭配。
三、高频短语与固定搭配
hold 的短语搭配丰富多样,下表列举了最常见的一些表达:
| 短语 |
含义 |
示例 |
| hold on |
等一下;坚持 |
Hold on, I'll be right back. |
| hold back |
抑制;退缩 |
Don't hold back your emotions. |
| hold up |
延迟;举起 |
The traffic was held up by an accident. |
| hold off |
推迟;抵挡 |
Let's hold off the decision until tomorrow. |
| hold down |
压制;保住(工作) |
He managed to hold down a job for two years. |
注意:hold on 在电话用语中表示“别挂断”,在日常对话中也可表示“坚持住”。
四、商务与正式场景应用
在商务和正式语境中,hold 具有特定用法,以下是一些典型例子:
1. 会议与活动组织
- The board held an emergency session to discuss the crisis.(董事会召开了紧急会议讨论危机。)
- We need to hold a press conference to address the rumors.(我们需要举行新闻发布会以澄清谣言。)
2. 职位与责任
3. 法律与合同
- The court held that the contract was valid.(法院裁定该合同有效。)
- The agreement holds
五、特殊用法与习惯表达
除了常规用法,hold 还出现在许多习惯表达中,这些表达往往不能直译:
| 表达 |
含义 |
示例 |
| hold your horses |
耐心点,别急 |
Hold your horses! Let's think this through. |
| hold water |
(理论)站得住脚 |
His argument doesn't hold water. |
| hold your breath |
屏息;期待 |
Don't hold your breath for that promotion. |
| hold the fort |
临时负责 |
Can you hold the fort while I'm away? |
文化提示:“hold your horses”源自马车时代,字面意思是“勒住你的马”,现引申为“不要急于行动”。
六、常见错误与使用注意事项
虽然 hold 是一个基础词汇,但学习者仍可能犯一些常见错误:
1. 混淆 hold 和 contain
- 正确:This bottle holds 500ml of water.(这个瓶子可装500毫升水。)
- 错误:This bottle contains 500ml water capacity.(表达不地道)
2. 错误使用被动语态
- 正确:The meeting will be held in the conference room.(会议将在会议室举行。)
- 错误:The meeting will hold in the conference room.(hold 在此处应为被动语态)
3. 混淆 hold 和 keep
- 正确:Hold the door open for me, please.(请帮我扶着门让它开着。)
- 正确:Keep the change.(不用找零了。)
- 区别:hold 强调短暂性的“保持”,keep 强调持续性的“保持”